Can I add to this question? It might help and I was about to post something similar...
Can someone explain a couple of things 1.) in general terms, how do contemporary websites change what content is displayed at any one time? For example on this website http://hoverstud.io/about, when you click on a navigation link the top of the page, the menus etc stay put, but the center content disappears, there's a loading animation, and then new content appears shortly after. It's obviously retrieving the information from somewhere when asked to (a click) but I don't really understand the process. Is it all just Java-script?
2.) If not, what languages are used to program that sort of thing?
Yeah, probably a newbie question but would be useful, thanks!